Gastro-esophageal Reflux

Gastro-esophageal reflux happens when acid from the stomach splashes up into the tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach (esophagus). This can happen when the muscle between the esophagus and stomach (lower esophageal sphincter or LES) relaxes. Normally, this muscle stays tightly closed, only opening to allow food and liquid into the stomach. When it relaxes and stays open, stomach acid can splash up.

What you need to know

Reflux can cause:

heartburn (a feeling of burning in the chest)
chest pain
bitter taste in the mouth
vomiting
hoarse throat
cough
shortness of breath
loss of tooth enamel

Are there certain foods that make reflux worse?

Yes—foods that are very spicy, acidic or high in fat can make reflux worse.

Avoid giving:

tomatoes
chocolate
mint
citrus fruits (oranges, grapefruit, lemons, limes)
fruit juice

How else can I help with reflux?

Make sure your child or youth:

eats more slowly and eats just until full — reflux happens more often when the stomach is too full
is physically active for at least an hour each day
maintains a healthy weight — extra weight around the middle can make reflux worse
wears comfortable clothes
waits 2-3 hours after a meal before lying down or going to bed
stays (or becomes) smoke free — smoking is very irritating to the esophagus
elevates the head of the bed with blocks up to six inches high (for school aged children and youth who sleep in regular beds) so gravity helps to prevent reflux
avoids chewing gum or sucking on hard candy
limits the amount of cola, caffeine, tea or alcohol they drink
avoids eating large meals before strenous physical activity

Do not:

use pillows or elevate cribs, unless your health-care provider tells you to
use infant car seats for naps or feeding. They increase pressure in the belly (abdomen) can make reflux worse

Disclaimer

These resources are for educational purposes only. If you have questions, speak with your health care provider.

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